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CENTRE FOR EXCELLENCE IN HOMEOPATHY

CONTINUING HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL EDUCATION SERVICES

QUARTERLY HOMEOPATHIC DIGEST

VOL. I, 1984

Lead me from Untruth to Truth

Lead me from Darkness to Light

Lead me from Death to Immortality

Adyaya I Brahmana 3 Mantra 28

(This service is only for private circulation. Part I of the journal lists the Current literature in Homeopathy drawn from

the well-known homeopathic journals published world-over - India, England, Germany, France, Belgium, Brazil, USA,

etc., discipline-wise, with brief abstracts/extracts. Readers may refer to the original articles for detailed study. The full

names and addresses of the journals covered by this compilation are given at the end.

Compilation, translation, publication by Dr.K.S.Srinivasan, 1253, 66th Street, Korattur, Chennai - 600 080, India.)

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QUARTERLY HOMOEOPATHIC DIGEST

(A compilation of some of the more important articles

in the British American and German Homoeopathic

Journals - condensed. Also articles and news of general

medical and scientific interest with particular reference

to Homoeopathy)

(Translation, condensation and compilation by Dr. K. S.

Srinivasan, Madras)

June, 1984.

THE TRIAL OF HOMOEOPATHY:

The pharmaceutical Society has lately been challenged

to sponsor an inquiry into the promotion and sale by

pharmacists of Homoeopathic remedies not only

because of their lack of scientific validity and evidence

of effectiveness, but also because of the large profit

margins association with their marketing.

Its claims should be subjected to the same

rigorous tests as those required of orthodox medicine.

In this issue we publish results of a controlled trail in

which the allopathic drug Fenoprofen was compared

with the Homoeopathic remedy Rhus Tox. and with

placebo in patients with osteo- arthritis. No significant

difference was found between Rhus tox. and Placebo,

but fenoprofen had significant analgesic and anti-

inflammatory effects and was strongly preferred by the

patients despite a higher incidence of side effects. A

welcome aspect of this study is that homoeopathic and

allopathic physicians co-operated in its design and

execution. Such co-operation is essential if criticisms of

patient selection, symptoms definition, and treatment

assessment are to be avoided. It is hoped that the large

number of other marketed homoeopathic and naturo-

pathic remedies will be evaluated in similar rigorous

trials. [Condensed from The Lancet, January 15, 1983]

CONTROLLED TRIAL OF HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT

OF OSTEOARTHRITIS: Micahel Shipley, Hedley Berry,

Dept. of Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London,

SE5; Gill Broster, Michael Jenkins, Royal London

Homoeopathic Hospital, London WC1; Anne Clover, Ivan

Williams, Kent and Sussex Hospital and Homoeopathic

Hospital Turnbridge Wells, Kent.

------

In a double-blind, place controlled crossover

study to compare the homoeopathic remedy Rhus tox.

6x with fenoprofen in osteoarthritis of the hip and knee,

fenoprofen was shown to have beneficial analgesic and

anti-inflammatory effects which differed significantly

from those of placebo. The effects of Rhustox. 6x and

placebo did not differ significantly. Patient preference

was for fenoprofen. Similar results were seen in all

patients regardless of whether they had been referred

to and assessed by a homoeopathic physician or a

rheumatologist.

Pain of many patients of osteoarthritis can be

satisfactorily controlled by anti-inflammatory and

analgesic drugs. However, sometimes pain relief is

incomplete and surgery may be indicated or side-effects

are sufficiently troublesome to preclude use of these

drugs. Many have thus turned to alternative forms of

treatment which has led to considerable increase in

interest in homoeopathic medicine.

Rhus toxicodendron produces many toxic

effects few of which mimic symptoms of patients with

osteoarthritic joints. Homoeopathic physicians

frequently use a preparation of Rhustox. in such

patients. The use of Rhustox. is sufficiently widespread

to justify testing it against a standard anti-inflammatory

analgesic (fenoprofen).

Patients between the ages of 18 and 85 years

were entered into the trial. Any patient who had

previously received either Rhustox. or fenoprofen was

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also excluded. The mean age was 65 years. 17patients

had OA of one or both knees, 15 had OA of one or both

hips and 4 had involvement of three joints. The study

was a double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled

cross-over comparison of fenoprofen (600mg 3 times a

day), Rhus tox (6x) and placebo.

Analysis of the results was stastically evaluated.

There was no significant difference between the effects

of Rhus tox. and placebo. Fenoprofen produced highly

significant pain relief compared with Rhus tox. and

Placebo. When fenoprofen was compared with either

placebo or Rhus. tox. It was clearly preferred to either.

When Rhus tox. and placebo were compared with each

other, each was equally preferred. Over all, patients

preferred fenoprofen (21 patients) to Rhus tox. (5

patients) and placebo (5 patients).

We have shown that under the conditions of

this study treatment with drops of Rhus tox. (6x) 3

times a day does not differ significantly from placebo in

its effects on the pain of osteoarthritic hips and kness.

Fenoprofen is a useful anti-inflammatory analgesic but

causes a relatively high incidence of minor side-effects.

Compared with both placebo and Rhus tox. its

beneficial effects were highly significant and despite its

side-effects fenoprofen was still preferred by most

patients. Evidence from our study leads us to conclude

that Rhus tox alone had not greater effect than placebo

on pain of osteoarthritic hips and knees. [Condensed

from the Lancet, January 15, 1983]

------

That Rhus tox. was the decided loser in this

study is not surprising. In fact, any future studies set up

along such lines will invariably result in the

homoeopathic remedy taking second place to the

allopathic drug. This controlled trail was designed to see

which substance had the greater analgesic and anti-

inflammatory effect, in a word, which substance had

the greater palliative effect. Most homoeopaths try not

to palliate their patients. Rhustox is only one of the

scores of homoeopathic medicines capable of curing

various forms of arthritis. Homoeopathic remedies can

never (with the possible exception of Arnica for soft

tissue injury) be prescribed as allopathic drugs are.

Rhustox will never act efficaciously in a majority of

cases of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. It's like

asking apples to taste like oranges.

As long as studies such as this one continue in

vogue, homoeopathy will always appear to be no more

effective than placebo. Homoeopathic medicines work

when tailored to the individual patient. But the fact

remains: homoeopathic medicine needs to be taken out

of the realm of the anecdotal and given greater

scientific respectability.

------

[Extract from the Editorial of the Journal of the

American institute of Homoeopathy, Vol.76, No.2, June

1983]

------

CASE TAKING IN CHRONIC CASES by Dr. Raul Ibarra

When sirs interviewing a chronic patient, the

homoeopath must remember certain basic ideas:

1. A complete clinical history must be done to

obtain information such as family history, past

illnesses, the degree of organic pathology past

surgery, vaccinations and of course, prior (or

current) drug therapy.

2. Laboratory studies, i.e. urine analysis, blood

work, x-rays, etc., may be in order, not for

diagnosis but for prognosis.

3. Keep in mind that often acute symptomatology

will temporarily cause chronic symptoms to

abate or disappear. The latter will reappear

after the acute illness has run its course.

4. Symptoms which are more or less constant and,

not of recent onset, are more important than

occasional symptoms in a chronic case.

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5. The totally of symptoms which includes all the

modalities and peculiarities must be obtained.

6. Miasms must be kept in mind. The

predominating miasm will determine the

actual symptomatology.

7. The chief complaint is not the most important

symptom. Treat the patient, not disease.

8. Symptoms (sensations) are much more

important than signs (objective changes, i.e.

observable).

9. After talking the case, symptoms should be

analyzed and evaluated and arranged in a

hierarchy.

10. "Common" symptoms must be separated from

the "strange, rare and peculiar".

11. During follow-up of the case it is important to

beer in mind Hering's Law. Check to see if old

symptoms are reappearing and in what order.

Especially note new symptoms and separate

from old ones.

12. Patient's age and vital force must be evaluated

for potency selection.

13. Never be afraid to "wait and watch". Depending

on what appears, decide whether to repeat or

increase the potency, change the remedy or

antidote.

14. Repertorization is done primarily on the

peculiar, individualizing symptoms.

15. A complete physical examination is important.

Following quotations are on the differences

between common and peculiar (or characteristic)

symptoms:

"Pathognomonic symptoms are always common."

"Common symptoms have no place in our

repertorisation work."

"Symptoms must be judged as to their value as

characteristic in relation to the patient."

"Symptoms most peculiar to the patient must be

taken first, then those less and less peculiar until the

ones that are common and not peculiar are reached."

"The greater the value of a symptom for diagnosis, the

less its value in the remedy selection.”

"We must discount common symptoms to the disease."

-------

[Condensed from the Journal of the American Institute

of Homoeopathy, vol.76, No.2, 1983]

-------

THE CASE OF THE WARM-NATURED ARSENICUM by Karl

Robinson, M.D.

A 60 year old woman, A.K., habitually in excellent health

recently was "falling apart". Have had three surgeries

on her right foot in the past two years. Last operation

was bunioneotomy in Jan.1983. The wound failed to

heal, was re- opened and "an infected stitch" removed.

Her central problem was her married daughter, who

was mentally very ill and was in the process of being

committed. Her daughter carried a loaded gun, had

assaulted her husband and was given to wild acts of

violence such as slashing tires and beating holes in walls

with hammer. She was under the care of a psychiatrist

who had adopted a permissive attitude. The daughter

had tried suicide several times. The situation had so

upset A.K. that she had become sleepless. Awoke most

nights at 2 a.m. in a highly anxious state, worrying

restlessly, occasionally drinking water. She would stay

awake till daybreak.

"I feel so powerless," she said referring to her

daughter's dilemma. "It's getting cut of hand. I'm angry

at my daughter’s psychiatrist."

Recently she had begun to misplace keys and important

papers. Earlier "very neat" but now "moderately neat."

At present time, she was very warm-natured; was

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overheated in bed and often stuck her feet out. Liked

fresh air on her face. "If my face is cool, I don't feel too

miserable anywhere else." During the past six months

felt somewhat chilly on going to bed, but later would

overheat. Her palms were warm and dry.

Like to drink water with a slice of lemon in, liked hot,

spicy foods, fruit, meat, fat on meat, fish, milk, cheese

and eggs. She dressed with great care, liked clothes.

Disliked being alone; was careful with money but not

obsessive with it.

Case Analysis:

An obvious case of Arsenicum except for her warm-

nature. I had never seen a warm Ars. Psychologically

Sulphur did not fit. Arsenicum 1m was given. Following

day she went "to pieces", crying endlessly. Thereafter

she improved dramatically and was entirely normal

within three days.

Has anyone else seen a warm Arsenicum? If so, how

about a letter to the Editor?

------

[Condensed from the Journal of the American Institute

of Homoeopathy, Vol.76, No.2, June 1983]

------

THE HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT OF TARDIVE

DYSKINESIA by Corey Weinstein, M.D

Introduction: Tardive Dyskinesia is an illness which

affects as many as 250,000 - 500,000 people in the

United States today. It is a result of maintenancy

therapy with various neuroleptics. T.D. is an iatrogenic

disease which has only recently been identified and

studied, despite a significant prevalence since the

widespread to the occurrence of these symptoms after

months to years of treatment, and dyskinesia describes

the defect in voluntary movement.

Drugs which cause psychomotor slowing, emotional

quieting and affective indifference are called

neuroleptics. The term was coined by some of the first

chlorpromazine researchers. Neuroleptics have been

used for 30 years to calm the symptoms of anxiety,

confusion, hallucinations and unacceptable behavior.

Half of our hospital beds are used for people with

primarily mental and emotional symptoms, and

neuroleptics are often taken for years and years by

inpatients and out patients.

T.D. is a drug poisoning which is more dependent on the

length of use than the dosage. It can be expected to

occur in some form in as many as 40% of the people

who was prescribed neuroleptics; in 60% of users

between the ages of 50-70; and in 75% of those over 75

yrs. of age. The symptoms can get worse upon

withdrawal of the neuroleptic and, in fact, are often

masked in those receiving high does. One to two years

at any daily dose can be enough to cause T.D. although

the symptoms spontaneously and slowly regress in

some people upon with drawn 1 of the drugs.

The classical description of T.D. includes involuntary

movement of the lips, jaws and tongue, including

smacking and sucking of the lips, thrusting, rolling and

fly-catching movements of the tongue, lateral jaw

movement and puffing of the cheeks, choreiform

movement of the extremities and or athetoid, circular

motion of the toes occur frequently. Early symptoms

may include fine vermicular movements of the tongue,

circular movements of the big toe, tics of the face, ill-

defined mouth or eye movement, mild chewing

movements, rocking or swaying, and restless limbs.

Sadly, these symptoms may turn out to be more socially

disabling than the symptoms originally treated with

neuroleptics.

There are problems in the diagnosis of T.D. Mild T.D.

can be confused with mannerisms and other motor

disorders caused by disorders such as Parkinsonism and

akathisia. Also T.D. symptoms undergo extensive

fluctuation from day to day, change in response to

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various emotional states, are inhibited by voluntary

movement and disappear during sleep.

It was the peculiar motor abnormalities which led me to

think that it would be fruitful to investigate

homoeopathic remedies for T.D. Unlike most

syndromes which have quite general symptoms, T.D,

symptoms are unusual, quite specific and seemed likely

to be amenable to repertorization. Certainly

homoeopathy has been efficaciously in helping people

heal illness created by poisonings from the mercury and

arsenic compounds of the 19th century to today's

prednisone and pain killers.

There is no standard treatment for T.D. except to mask

the symptoms with higher doses of neuroleptics, which

ultimately makes the illness worse; so homoeopathic

treatment could possibly help many T.D sufferers.

CHLORPROMAZINE:Chlorpromazine(CPZ)hasbeen

studied through homoeopathic provings by Julian in

France (23 members of the Societe Medicale de

Biotherapie, 2/68) and Pal in India (16members of the

Association of Homoeopathic doctors, Bombay, 12/63).

Toxilogical information from the standard literature

rounds out the description of the symptoms caused by

this prototype neuroleptic.

MIND: Thinking slow. Memory poor, concentration

poor. Decreased sensitivity to stimuli. Hallucinations,

especially Visual. Confused dreams. Apathy, must make

a real effort to work. Irritability. Premonition of bad

news. Extreme anguish at 10 a.m. Despair,

hopelessness. Agitation.

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM: Muscle movement slow,

stiff. Catatonia, total immobility. Muscle cramps and

spasms, esp. mouth, face, eyes and arms. Trembling.

Involuntary writhing, squirming and grimacing, esp.

legs, face, mouth and tongue. Facial paralysis or paresis.

Foot tapping. Cold feet extending to things.

GENERAL: Inner restlessness. Seizures. Hyperpyrexia

with chills. Fainting or rising agg. end of day (postural

hypertension). Lactation, increased milk.

Gynecomastia. Weight gain.

SKIN: Sensitivity to sun with erythema. Violet

discoloration of skin.

EYE: Pigmentation in lens or cornea (retina). Brown dis-

coloration of the conjunctiva.

Mouth: Aphthous stomatitis. Dry. Itching and sensitivity

of gums. Bleeding gums. Tongue dry and cracked.

Uncontrolled salivation and drooling.

THROAT: Dysphagia with feeling of lump in the throat.

CHEST: Oppression. Burning in chest.

HEART: Irregular heart beat. Fast heart rate

GASTROINTESTINAL: Constipation. Hypogastric colic.

Anorexia. Nausea in the morning. Burning pain in the

stomach. Sensation of a stone in the stomach. Icterus,

liver enlarged and sensitive (Hepatitis).

GENITOURINARY: Decreased sex drive. Leucorrhoea like

egg white. Irregular menses.

As the symptoms list verifies, CPZ affects the human

organism profoundly. Not only is the neuro-muscular

system changed, but the mental and emotional states,

hormone balance, heart, liver, digestion, skin and eye

are deeply disordered. Neuroleptics interfere with

neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, which

act strongly on the cerebral cortex. Action on the

pituitary or hypothalamus causes changes in the

hormone prolactin which influences the breast and also

changes growth hormone levels.

HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT: I found one published

case of the homoeopathic use of CPZ in the literature.

Garth W.Boericke, M.D. reported the successful use of

potentized CPZ in the Journal of the American Institute

of Homoeopathy, Vol.58##1-2, 1965. The patient was

an 84 year old man in a nursing home suffering from

hallucinations of sight and hearing, and delusions of

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persecution and poverty. He talked continuously and at

random and was disoriented as to place and time.

Dr.Boericke tried various remedies, including Lachesis,

Sulphur and Hyoscyamus. Due to lack of success, he

finally gave standard doses of CPZ to quiet the patient,

but the standard regimen aggravated the patient.

Dr.Boerioke reasoned that if the patient was aggravated

by CPZ, then it must be his similar remedy. And, in fact,

when given the 5x dilution prepared by Dr.Boericke, the

patient became calm and manageable.

Treating an individual for TD homeopathically may

cause a recurrence of the symptoms that required

suppression initially. It is interesting to note that many

of the remedies which seem well indicated for TD have

mind symptoms that are typical of the illnesses for

which neuroleptics are used. Certainly a full case should

be taken which includes present symptoms and past

history, including a description of the symptoms

requiring neuroleptic suppression. But prescribing

should be based only on the present symptoms. In

preparing the repertorization, I used the following

symptoms:

1. Tongue, protruding spasmodically, darting, oscillating

and trembling

2. Chewing motion

3. Distortion of face, especially mouth and

trembling of the face

4. Motion, involuntary

5. Chorea

6. Lactation and swelling of mammae

7. Sun, exposure to

8. Faintness worse rising

Other symptoms like low sex drive, trembling,

restlessness, concentration difficult, apathy, poor

memory and slow thinking were not used because the

rubrics were too large to help with anything but

verification of the remedies.

Twenty-two remedies had four or more of the

symptoms. A variety of materia medicas were consulted

for investigation of the symptom pictures which most

colsely fit TD. I used Allen, Hering, Clarke, Boericke and

Kent. Based on these findings, I would like to elucidate

the 11 remedies other than CPZ in potency which seem

most likely to help in the treatment of TD.

The first group which includes Lycopodium, Cuprum,

Belladonna, Bryonia, Mercurius and Chamomilla has the

important general hormone symptoms of lactation

and/or breast swelling. The second group lacks this

general but has excellent symptom pictures of TD. The

second group is made up of Opium, Agaricus, Ignatia,

Stramonium and Helleborus.

CONCLUSION: It is among these 11 remedies that I think

the homoeopath will find the most efficacious

treatment of TD. Certainly the best remedy is the

similimum.

I have undertaken this study as much to alert the

homoeopathic community to the serious problem of TD

as to prepare the practitioner to treat TD effectively.

Remember that neuroleptic poisoning is related more

to length of use than the quantity of the dose.

Therefore, someone who takes a little Mellaril or

Thorazine daily to get to sleep is at risk for TD. To aid

the practitioner in diagnosing TD here is a 10 step

examination method. I would appreciate it if

practitioners send their clinical experience with TD to

me so that we can collect and publish our work.

10 STEPS TO EXAMINE FOR TARDIVE DYSKINESIA

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1. Ask the patient if there is anything in the

mouth and to remove it if there is.

2. Ask about the current condition of teath and

dentures.

3. Ask if the patient notices any movements of the

mouth, face, hands or feet (and how they might

be a bother).

4. Observe the patient sitting in straight chair with

the hands hanging at the sides (1-2 minutes).

5. Ask the patient to open the mouth and observe

for 30 seconds.

6. Ask the patient to protrude the tongue and

observe for 30 seconds.

7. Ask the patient to tap the thumb with each

finger as rapidly as possible for 10-15 seconds

separately with right and left hand while

observing the face and legs.

8. Flex and extend the patient's arms one at a time

for rigidity.

9. Ask the patient to stand up and extend both

arms in front with palms down and mouth open

for 30 seconds while observing trunk, legs and

mouth.

10. Have the patient walk around.

[Condensed from the journal of the American institute

homoepathy Vol. 76 No 2/ June 1983]

NEW TOXICOLOGY: CARCINOGENESIS by Peter Fisher,

MRCP.,M.F.Hom.

Proving as a process presents tremendous

logical and practical problems. This has led to the virtual

stagnation of homoeopathic practice, accomplished,

paradoxically, by a proliferation of speculative and

anecdotal approaches which have advanced practical

homoeopathy but little. This theoretical impasse can be

circumvented by studying modern Toxicology and

Patho-physiology. When carefully examined, it is

astonishing how closely the findings of modern

pathophysiology accord with the homoeopathic

perspective. The cancer problem particularly can

benefit from this approach. In this context the chemical

carcinogens are crucial.

The history of the recognition of chemical

carcinogenesis runs from the 16th century descriptions

of the "miner's sickness" by Agricola and Paracelsus,

only later recognized as carcinoma of the bronchus,

through the cancer of the scrotum observed by Pott in

chimney sweeps, to the identification in this century of

carcinogenic coal tar fractions.

The recognition of cancer as a process is due to Galen --

he considered tumors to be due to a silting up process

of the circulation -- a view rendered untenable by

Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood; which

discovery also destroyed the rationale of bloodletting,

but did not discourage Hahnemann's contemporaries

from practicing it on a murderous scale--hence,

perhaps, Hahnemann's mistrust of physiology.

After Hahnemann's death the discovery of the cellular

nature of cancer was due to Schwann and Virchow.

There are two principal theories concerning the genesis

of cancer--the immune surveillance and mutagenesis

theories; they are not mutually incompatible and are

attributed to Ehrlich and Boveri respectively.

The main groups of carcinogens are:

1. Polycyclic hydrocarbons, deriving largely from

hydrocarbon combustion--particularly coal

products.

2. Aromatic amines, which occur mostly in the

chemical industry.

3. Nitrosamines and nitrosamides which occur in a

variety of foods and can be produced, in vivo,

from nitrites.

4. V [1-10] Naturally occurring, of which there are

many; the aflatoxins of fungal origin are among

the most significant.

Despite their diverse structures and origins all these

carcinogens share two properties; all undergo

metabolic transformation to release the active

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carcinogen and in all cases this active ultimate

carcinogen has a strong chemical affinity for DNA.

Virtually all of the main groups of cytotoxic drugs used

in the orthodox treatment of cancer present some kind

of similarity to different aspects of the cancer process.

Some of these similarities are classified into four

groups:

1. Pathological: Drugs which are inherently

carcinogenic, or are close chemical relatives

of known carcinogens (e.g. alkylating

agents).

2. Structural: Drugs whose molecular

structures bear close resemblance to those

of key molecules involved in the genesis of

cancer, (e.g. the base analogue antimeta

bolities). Methotrexate is a folate analogue

anti-metabolite and is anomalous.

3. Mechanical: Drugs whose mechanism of

action -- intercalation into the DNS helix -- is

the same as that of known strong

carcinogens (e.g. some of the cytotoxic

antibiotics -- such as doxorubicin).

4. Parapathological: Drugs whose side effects

closely resemble the pare-malignant

syndromes which often accompany

malignant disease (e.g. vincristine).

We also amplified what had been said in the first article

on the common mode of action of carcinogens and

cytotoxic drugs--DNA damage. Serious, overwhelming

damage to DNA results in cell death (the cytotoxic

effect) but more subtle long-term damage introduces

insidious changes into the DNA, leading to mutation or

cancer. The realization that mutation and malignant

changes are equivalent processes had led to the

development of useful short-term tests for carcinogens

based on bacterial mutation--such as the Ames test. The

second article concluded with co-carcinogens,

substances which, while not inherently carcinogenic,

will, if preceded by a carcinogen, greatly increase the

probability and speech of a malignant tumor appearing.

Important substances of this type occur in plants of the

genus Euphorbiaceae, including Euphorbuim and Croton

tig. of the homoeopathic materia medica.

I quoted WHO'S 1964 estimate that 80% of cancer is

due to extrinsic factors. The definition of extrinsic

becomes more difficult, as it has become clear that the

metabolism of potential carcinogens by gut bacteria,

and other factors, are also involved. The most startling

figure in the table is the 35% of fatal malignancies

attributed to diet. It is in this area that the problem of

"semi-extrinsic" carcinogens and gut flora metabolism

arises. In some parts of the world, purely extrinsic

dietary carcinogens are of great importance; the best

example being the aflatoxins in parts of Africa and Asia.

But this kind of simple extrinsic carcinogenesis is

relatively unimportant in the developed countries

(except, of course, for smokers). Far more significant

are the carcinogens which may be produced in the gut

from precursors in the diet or gut secretions.

Another important chemical process which some

bacteria, usually considered to form part of the normal

bowel flora, can perform is deconjugation. Many toxic

compounds, including the highly carcinogenic polycyclic

hydrocarbons are excreted in the bile in the form of a

conjugate with a sulphate or glucuronate group. In this

form they are harmless, but a number of bacteria which

may be found in the bowel flora of apparently healthy

individuals possess the enzyme β-glucuronidase, which

splits glucuronate conjugates, releasing the active

carcinogen into the gut lumen. Some of the bacteria

capable doing this are shown in Table 2. Note that the

non-lactose fermenting organisms are generally the

most active in this respect.

Table 1: ESTIMATED PERCENTAGE OF CANCER DEATHS

ATTRIBUTED TO DIFFERENT FACTORS

Factor Best

Estimate%

Range of

Estimate

Tobacco 30 25-40

Alcohol 3 2-4

Diet 35 10-70

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Food additives <1 -5(a)-2

Reproductive and

sexual behaviour

7 1-13

Occupation 4 2-8

Pollution 2 1-5

Industrial products 1 1-2

Medicine and

medical procedure

1 0.5-3

Geophycical (b) 3 2-4

Infection 10 1

Unknown ? ?

(a)Allowing for possible protective effects of

antioxidants, etc.

(b)Geophysical factors mean mainly radiation-UV light,

cosmic rays and *,* and* from natural sources. This

table greatly underestimates the INCIDENCE of cancers

due to UV light, which may be as high as 30% of the

total. Because these are mostly the rarely fatal basal cell

carcinomas and this table is in terms of morality.

Table 2: GUT BACTERIA, THEIR PROPORTIONS AT

DIFFERENT SITES

AND THEIR GLUCURONIDASE ACTIVITY

Organism % of total floara in β-

glucuronidase

Activity

ileum caecum rectum

Streptococcus spp 1 1 1 2.0

Lactobacillus spp 0 1 1 1.6

Bacteroides spp 22 76 76 6.0

Clostridum spp 0 0 1 11.3

Bifodobacterium

spp

69 24 24 1.9

Enterobacteria

spp inc.

Escherichia

Klebsiella

Salmonella*

Shigella*

Proteus*

9 1 1 24.7

* non lactose fermenting organisms

It was, of course, on the nonlactose fermenting bowel

flora that Drs. John and Elizabeth Paterson did their

classical work on the bowel nosodes. These recent finds

vindicate the belief held by the Patersons that the

presence of supposedly non-pathogenic non lactose

fermenting bacteria in the bowel can have serious

effects on health--in this case by predisposing to the

development of malignancies in the bowel and,

perhaps, at distant sites. It is high time that the

Patersons' work was repeated.

We have seen that a variety of chemicals, of diverse

origin and structure, can damage DNA. Following this

damage there is a latent period, which may last ten

years or more before a tumour emerges. What goes on

in this long latent period? And what is the nature of the

transformation from a normal to malignant cell? For

malignant cells do not display any characteristics not

shared by certain normal human cells: many embryonal

tissues metastasize; invasiveness is characteristic of

white blood cells and rapid mitotic rates are found in

bone marrow and gut mucosa. The inference from this

must be that the DNA damage affects mostly the

control of the expression of the DNA code, rather than

the content of the code. There is still much uncertainly

in this area, but it has recently become apparent that

the elaborate structure of DNA is important in the

control of gene expression. It has also been recognized

that there are genes present in the normal genotype

which are capable of causing malignant transformation-

-the so-called oncogenes.

An oncogene is a gene present in the normal genotype

which, if it becomes over-active, causes the cell to

undergo malignant transformation.

An alarming picture is emerging: a world full of potent

and ubiquitous carcinogenic influences in the form of

chemicals electromagnetic radiation and viruses--all

inflicting insidious damage on the delicate DNA. Space

forbids full discussion of the mechanisms of

carcinogenesis by radiation; suffice it to say that the

ionizing effects of radiations directly or in-directly

damage DNA and that this leads to malignant change.

The role of viruses in human cancer is, as yet, uncertain,

but in animals where they cause cancers, viruses do so

by inter-fering with the genetic material.

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The use of cytotoxic drugs for malignant disease is

bedevil led, in orthodox medicine, by two problems; the

inherent toxicity of these drugs, and the case with

which cancer cells develop resistance to them. These

two factors combine to produce a poor, and

deteriorating, therapeutic index and enforce the use of

combinations of drugs. What are the mechanisms by

which cancer cells come to develop drug resistance?

Resistance may be due to the fact that the drug simply

is not reaching the tumour, or that the cell is in a phase

of its cycle where it is insensitive. But what interests are

the changes which are invoked in the cell in response to

the drug. Among the most important mechanisms of

resistance to cytotoxic drugs are undoubtedly the very

DNA repair systems we have just discussed--many

cytotoxic drugs are potent inducers of these

mechanisms. Another important mechanism is change

in the cell wall, reducing its permeability to the drug.

Such cell wall changes may result in changed antigenic

character of the cell and production of TARAS--Tumour

Associated Rejection Antibodies-- which mobilize the

body's immune rejection responses. Other changes

associated with drug resistance—for instance, the

modification of target enzymes may also result in

heightened antigenicity, leading to recognition as "non

self" and rejection.

These antigenic responses have not been

investigated in great detail and the contribution they

make to orthodox chemotherapy is probably very small-

-for the simple and ironic reason that the very cytotoxic

drugs which might evoke the TARAs have a

simultaneous and more reliable effect in suppressing

the immune system.

Furthermore, current evidence suggests that the role of

the immune system in inhibiting the development of

primary malignant tumours is much less than has often

been supposed hitherto. But it does seem that immune

factors, especially those acting at regional lymph nodes

are important i filtering out potential metastatic cells

from the blood and lymph. It is this recognition which

has led to the abandonment of radical mastectomy. It is

ironic that the very agents which are capable of

increasing the potential of tumour cells to provoke

immune reactions are also suppressors of the immune

system. There is a theoretical possibility, though, that

low doses of some cytotoxic agents could provoke the

production of TARAs without associated immune

suppression.

CONCLUSION:

I have shown that carcinogenic influences are both

potent and ubiquitous in the real world. These

influences act by damaging DNA, damage which is

constantly being made good by remarkable systems

operating within turns over much more rapidly than is

usually supposed. The DNA repair mechanisms are

subject to very sensitive feedback control. It is already

established that carcinogens in high, but still

substantial, dilution can increase the activity of DNA

repair systems many fold.

To my knowledge, there has been only one

experimental attempt to demonstrate that a carcinogen

in potency can reduce the effects of the same

carcinogen applied subsequently in substantial doses.

This work, by Boiron et. al., failed to demonstrate any

effect attributable to the dynamized carcinogen. The

experiment was well conceived and was certainly on a

large scale (1,000 rats over a 19-month period). Careful

scrutiny reveals, I believe a small but fatal flaw--in the

selection of the carcinogen (which was 2-acetyl

aminofluorent). There were also some encouraging

aspects to this work; the tumour promoter used

(phenobarbitone) did slightly protect those animals

which received it in potency.

I have reviewed and extracted what consider to be the

most relevant facts from a huge amount of data

accumulated by cancer researchers. I am convinced that

the potential exists for a dramatic breakthrough in

cancer therapy.

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------

[Condensed from the British Homoeopathic Journal,

Vol.71 Nos.3, July 1982 and 4, 1982 and Vol.72, No.1,

1983; the entire article covers three issues running to

38 pages]

---------

CHRONIC MIASMS: by Dr. P.Sanchez Ortega, Vice-

President for Mexico, LMHI (A paper read to the XXXV

LMHI Congress, Brighton,1982)

We shall try to summarize all that we have been able to

investigate and understand, and all that we have

complemented, in relation to Hahnemann's action of

the chronic diseases, or miasms.

HAHNEMANN'S DOCTRINE: Hahnemann, the genius

and founder of homoeopathy, concluded that it was

only this which could be considered as truly curative, for

this method was founded on the knowledge of essential

relationship between the disease and the remedy. He

then discovered, after innumerable clinical observations

that repeated morbid processes were somehow related

to each other, appearing in the same individual, and he

proved that they were due to a predisposing factor

which demonstrated the true constitutional pathology.

This factor was the result of the suppression of specific

acute diseases. These chronic diseases were:

1. The chancre diseases.

2. The second disease dealt with a morbidity factor

which is the deepening, through suppression or

incorrect treatment, of the gonorrhoea-like

discharge. This suppression was characterized by

the tendency to produce pedunculated or figwart

excrescenes. This, Hahnemann called, Sycosis.

3. Lastly a much more important pathological entity

which apparently was much older than the other

two, and which was the result of the suppression of

an itch disease similar to what we now know as

scabies.

Hahnemann himself explains that his approach was

basically to investigate the patient's clinical history, to

ascertain if they had suffered from either the itch, the

gonorrhoeic or the chancroid diseases. This was to

determine if they had been treated by suppressive

means. Logically, he only accepted symptoms that were

repeated many times after similar suppressions. Later

Hahnemann confirmed the possible co-existency in the

same patient of two or even three of the miasms which

over lapped each other. He insisted that the physician

needs to recognize and handle them adequately

(Organon paras 204-207) Hahnemann's conclusions are

of the utmost usefulness, and it is ESSENTIAL TO TAKE

THEM INTO ACCOUNT AND PUT THEM INTO PRACTICE

SO AS TO OBTAIN A TRULY HOMOEOPATHIC

TREATMENT (See paras 48 and 49 and 78--82) Why is it

that in view of this magnificent legacy homoeopaths all

over the world, even when trying to follow the master

faithfully, have not been able to determine a correct

technique so as to recognize the miasmatic problems,

nor have they been able to match his miasmatic theory

with a clinical practice that would prove its validity.

After Hahnemann, some of the main authors are

J.H.Allen, who made many observations. Kent foresaw

in his Materia Medica groups of symptoms that

belonged to the different miasms. It is primarily in his

Repertory where he defines minute but very significant

differences in the fundamental attitudes of the human

mind which can be connected to the characteristics

evident in psora, sycosis or syphilis. Next, H.A.Robert's

as well as by Hanohiginio C.Perez. We also recall,

Ghatak from India.

The master left unfinished the description of the

miasms. This is the most important thing to bear in

mind in order to understand the persistent waste, for

over a century, of such a wonderful doctrine. No

significant conceptual error can be found in the

Hahnemannian method. This is true also in relation to

the miasms.

THE BASIS FOR RECOGNIZING THE DIFFERENT MIASMS:

Hahnemann states that even in his times syphilis was

recognized as a miasmatic disease, which is the result of

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not curing properly, or of Suppressing, its initial

manifestations. There is no reason to modify the initial

appreciation of the obviously destructive and

degenerative tendencies in syphilis found in each one of

its characteristic lesions.

The second miasm of sycosis, is the constitutional

pathological form or condition that is the result of the

suppression of gonorrhoeic discharges, similar to

syphilis in its transcendency and its relation to

suppression. It is characterized in its manifestations not

only by the production of fig-like warts, but also by

hyperplasia, hypertrophy or expansion. Psora is,

together with the other two miasms, the chronic of the

constitutional disease brought about by the unnatural

suppression of cutaneous conditions.

The birth of cellular pathology confirmed the ever-

present correspondence of the whole with every one of

its parts. Every dysfunction, every lesion had its

beginning, or at least its concomitant, in the cell. That is

deduced from the fact that no organ or part can

withdraw itself from the condition

Of the whole or of the totality. Likewise, cellular

pathology demonstrated that every transcending

disturbance in the cell begins in the nutritional

processes, that is, in the functions of assimilation. These

disturbances can only be of three types: deficiency,

excess or deviation.

In spite of the many discoveries and the never ending

future discoveries and interpretations, the fundamental

notion of an imbalance in the organism, as seen by a

deficiency, an excess or a deviation, still holds true. This

is confirmed by the fact that in the realm of physiology

and psychology these same morbid tendencies can be

recognized. The most surprising thing is that these

disturbances each correspond to Hahnemann's three

miams of chronic diseases.

It was Kent in particular who admirably deduced or

intuitively recognized the classification of the

fundamental pathological symptoms. We find these

symptoms expressed in his Repertory, which is an

absolutely essential reference work. The psoric lack, the

sycotic excess or the syphilitic deviation.

A slow, sluggish or depressed mind will be

psoric. A hyperactive, hurried psyche with a changing

unstable nature will make evident the "hypertrophy of

the ego" (Paschero) in the sycotic individual. The

degenerative deprivation that clouds the spirit with its

tendency towards destruction and death will constitute

the syphilitic position.

To summarize we may state psora will be all that which

means inhibition, sense of inferiority, coldness,

functional deficiency, lack of productivity, or of holding

back. Sycosis will be manifested by expansion,

precipitancy, hypersensitivity, hyperactivity,

hypertension, hypertrophy, pride, exaggerated fears,

irascibility (manifest anger), hyperthermia, neoplasms,

hurried. Syphilitic will include degradation, indifference,

loathing life, a perversion of biological functions,

abnormal secretions, rage (blinding anger), convulsions,

spasms, deformities, haemorrhages, putrefaction, and

destructive tendencies in the tissues (consumption) as

well as in the mind.

The following examples are taken from Kent's Repertory

and Allen's Materia Medica, where a correspondence

with our miasmatic classification can be found.

Sadness is of a psoric nature because of its inhibitory

quality. Grief is the sycotic manifestation of sadness

because of its expansive quality. Prostration of mind

exhibits the destructive syphilitic quality of sadness.

A slow pulse can be classified a psoric, a rapid pulse as

sycotic and an irregular one as syphilitic.

APPLICATIONS OF MIASMATIC DOCTORIME: If we

comprehend the depth and extent of Hahnemann's

classification of diseases we have enormous possibilities

in understanding humanity as a whole as seen in each

one of our patients. The features, the physical

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constitution, the attitudes and all the artistic,

intellectual and spiritual expression will show the

influence of the miasms. Only the concept of a

spiritually and physically perfect human being could

lead us to imagine the existence of someone free from

miasmatic tendencies.

We will consider the clinical possibilities of this doctrine

when dealing with our patients. Firstly, we make a list of

all the symptoms or abnormalities we find in the

patient. Then we separate these symptoms into the

corresponding miasms, e.g. those that manifest a lack,

deficiency, hypofunction, etc, as Psora. In another list

we write down the symptoms that have an opposite

quality i.e. the exteriorization, the instability, escape,

hyperplasia and hyper function as sycosis. The third list

would include all that is destructive and degrading, with

tendency towards involution and degeneration. We

then select from these lists the predominating,

extraordinary, singular or curious symptoms as

recommended by the master in paragraphs 153 and 209

of his Organon.

The predominating symptoms dominate the whole

picture, affect the sensibility and have to greatest

influence on the final state of the patient. The

extraordinary symptoms are not habitual, but only

belong to a final stage. The singular symptoms are in

relation to a very peculiar manner of the patient's

reaction. The peculiar symptoms manifest reactions

belonging to the individual patient. This group of

symptoms is what Hahnemann considers essential to

obtain to characteristics of a case. They constitute the

minimum syndrome of maximum value. They are the

most certain total symptoms which represent the

existential moment to be dealt with in the patients. This

may include as few as three or four symptoms.

On the basis of this group of symptoms we

arrive at the true similimum. This marks the beginning

of the correct evolution of Hering's Law. The last layer

of the corresponding prevailing miasmatic condition, as

expressed by the series of symptoms, is the first to

disappear. The symptoms and manifestations of the

miasm underlying in the next layer will become

apparent, if we allow time. The miasm, which reaches

the surface level and forms symptoms, is eliminated

thanks to the gradual liberation of the vital force.

It is easy to deduce that the miasmatic doctrine thus

established and understood, has many applications that

help to a comprehension and explanation of events that

occur in human life, from the simplest to the most

complicated. We insist that this is true, not only about

the changes which occur in the state of disease, but also

throughout all our expressions.

[Condensed from the British Homoeopathic Journal,

Vol.72, No.1 January 1983]

-----------------------

CAUSTICUM AND THE REMEDIES FOLLOWING IT: by DR.

G.v.Keller

Two cases of Dr. Goullon from the year 1865; who

practiced in Weimar. He reported progressively about

cures of serious burns and Erysipelas which in those

days was known as Red Leaf.

The first case is of a lady of 30yrs.; frequent, severe,

mostly-of many hours duration, purely nervous,

migraine. The Erysipelas developed from the nose

outwardly and progressed with increasing burning

pains, forming pustules, over the fore-head, over the

entire hairy scalp down up to the neck. Fever increased

up to the fourth day particularly the pains were almost

unbearable and obstructed the entire sleep. Belladonna

then Rhus did not bring the least alleviation; the

situation was dangerous. The great similarity of the

appearance with the burning in the second grade, the

type of the pain and the disposition to coma vigil

pointed for the first time, Causticum. The result was

almost immediate, soon sleep came and quick recovery.

"Another case of eczema of face: every morning after

getting up the entire face began to redden and become

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hot which remained up to evening when a violent,

burning itching remained, was soon cured by

Causticum."

In those days acute, life-threatening diseases were

treated; The main reason for my citing these two cases

is to point out how much more one had to treat severe

and life-threatening diseases. If a child ailed from

measles, the first concern was to keep the child alive. So

is it in Goullon's cases, the maintenance of life the most

urgent work of the Physician. The fact that the patent

suffered from severe migraine has been mentioned only

by the way. The migraine is "purely nervous".

If such a case comes to us now, the patient will be

under treatment for migraine for a fairly long period.

The Erysipelas may only be a passing episode whose exit

could be hindered every time by anti-biotic. In any case,

after the fading away of the acute manifestation, we

will not now-a-days speak of 'cure', because for us the

chronic state is very problematic. But those days one

spoke of cure when the danger to life was overcome. A

medicine either worked or did not work. One could

unmistakable differentiate whether one had hit upon

the right medicine or not.

The treatment of chronic diseases usually required

employment of more medicines successively: Now-a-

days these differentiations are not any simpler. We

need, to cure a case, a full series of medicines following

each other. Hahnemann said in para 171 of Organon: In

the chronic diseases, to effect a cure, we require often

more successively employable anti-psoric medicines so

that every successive one being homoeopathically

chosen in consonance with the group of symptoms

remaining after completion of the action of the previous

medicine." And in para 182 "Thus the imperfect

selection of the medicament, which was in this case

almost inevitable owing to the too limited number of

the symptoms present, serves to complete the display

of the symptoms of the disease; in this way it facilitates

the discovery of a second, more accurately suitable,

homoeopathic medicine."

This paragraph refers to cases with paucity of

symptoms. Our cases are often with symptoms-paucity

in this manner, not only because they are chronic cases

with relatively little graded, less violent diseases, but

also because our patients come to us at the beginning

itself with a complete diagnosis and are not familiar

with a thorough and exact subjective description. Our

cures then become zigzag cures as Lippe pointed out

once.

Earlier the difference between the correct end incorrect

medicines was clear essential for the treatment of life-

threatening acute diseases. Either the patient died or he

was cured. A mistake made in the choice of medicine

could work fatally. The fear of wrong choice of medicine

has been with us long and now again we can hear

opinions about how serious harm can be rendered by

wrong choice of medicine.

Depending as to how similar it is, if they do not

represent the Simillimum they will become into a

disordered confusing collection of disease picture." The

aim of cure "will not thereby be achieved but only an

unsuitable medicine will be proved unintentionally

upon a patient, because that would make the case into

a muddle and the choice of correct curative medicine

made impossible."

Hahnemann was not of this opinion. An unsuited

medicine of course occasioned a kind of proving upon

the patient, but it did not make the choice of proper

medicine impossible, on the contrary, a less suitable

medicine rouses in the patient new symptoms and

thereby brings the cure of the entire case, closer. In

paragraph 181: "Let it not be objected that the

accessory phenomena and new symptoms of this

disease that now appear should be laid to the account

of the medicament just employed. They owe their origin

to it certainly, when there were not, caused by an

important error in regimen, a violent emotion, a

tumultuous revolution in the organism, such as the

occurrence or cessation of the menses, conception,

child birth and so forth. But they are always only

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symptoms of such nature as this disease is itself capable

of producing in this organism, and which were

summoned forth and induced to make their appearance

by the medicine given, owing to its power to cause

similar symptoms."

The complementary medicine, the medicines which

follow each other well are often similar to each other:

Kent spoke of this in 1885. He said, that it will become

essential in such symptom-poor cases to draw out

through doses of Carbo veg., Sul., Calc. carb., Psor., Lyc.

or Sep. develop the disease aright. That is the idea for

the recommendation, "when the indicated remedy

fails", to give Sul. or Psor. Also the idea of the

complimentary remedy, the remedy which has been

observed as following each other well.

Only about the inimical medicines I am of the view of

Nash mentioned in his 'Leaders'. In the 45 Causticum

cases I have recorded in the tape-recorder in the past

seven years, I have given in two cases Causticum and

Phosphorous immediately following each other without

any intervening medicine, with an interval of some

months. In one case both the medicines worked well, in

the other Phosphorous given after Causticum remained

inactive and the patient appeared to have actually

developed a two week long large number of striking

new symptoms quickly passing over. That was all. I have

given again and again Calcium carb. or Sulphur once

Sepia also, before I had given Causticum and that both

have worked well, in each case. That agrees with the

theory of complimentary remedies, that the same

medicines which in the Provings exhibit similarity, often

follow each other well and complement action. The

complete list of the complimentary remedies is found in

Boenninghaussen's concordances, Calc.carb. and

Sulphur and also Sep. and Sil. Have been cited there as

remedies which often compliment Causticum since they

have similarity with Causticum.

CAUSTICUM: Pressure in Ear: When we study a

medicine like Causticum we will study the symptoms

with peculiar sensations, noteworthy modalities or

unusual connections. One thinks some-times that such

symptoms could come up only once in hundred years,

but when one has understood it, one would be

surprised by those symptoms from patients often.

There is this Symptom No.261 by Hahnemann: "as if

contraction in left ear and in the whole side of the head

in the evening, after lying down, ameliorated by hard

pressure." Now my case No.45:

No.45: Mrs. S.A."In a moment the irritating cough

troubles me most and I can't simply retain water. Once

it went clear down. Then I took a sip of water and it is

better. What now disturbs me is; I have there, inside,

always, as if cramping pain and when

I press it becomes better. A pain below the right ear,

below and behind the right ear, as if something

constricting and when I press upon it, it passes off

again. I have again once gone out without my cap,

which I cannot afford to do. It was again cold today and

I am glad that I have my woolen cap. It does me good. I

need warmth at the back of my head. Tonight it was a

bad time at 3 a.m. The pain comes alone, lying agg."

I would be lying, if I say, that this ear symptom was

known to me earlier. I must find out whether it was

already mentioned in similar form. The Repertories help

us in this localisation.

Theoretic objections against the prescription on single

symptom: When we search for spasmodic, constricting

ear aches and ear aches which become better by

pressure and which are worse lying, we find Causticum

pointed. When we then look into the patho-genesis of

Causticum, we find this Symptom NO.261 which could

convince us by this symptom which is strikingly similar

with the patient's symptom. Several Homoeopaths Kent

amongst them, have declared against prescription on

singe symptom, on theoretical grounds. On two grounds

I cannot follow this rejection:

First, there are cases in practice in which such single

symptom alone is available, which can be evaluated and

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with which some constitutional attributes of the patient

may not be confused with rare general symptoms. If for

example the above cited lady patient answers to

appropriate questions, that she sometimes has heat

sensations or she keeps her feet uncovered in bed, or

that at some time has had a skin eruption, could one,

When one did not know that Causticum also has

brought out these symptoms, then think of studying

Sulphur? With Sulphur we find corresponding ear

symptoms also the amelioration by pressure but you

see clearly, that the similarity is show in different grades

to much disadvantage of Sulphur, particularly when we

consider how much better Sulphur was proved. Had I

given Sulphur in this case, nothing further would have

taken place except that the patient would have brought

out Causticum symptoms clearly in the next

consultation and it is not a fatal case. We find the

escape of urine while coughing,the head and the time 3

o clock night. More, we do not actually require to

decide choice between Causticum and Sulphur. We are

not prescribing blindly and automatically when we give

a medicine from a single symptom.

Causticum: Sensation of emptiness in the forehead,

sensation of shortening, stitches in the right abdomen:

For the next Symptom No.97 of Causticum: headache as

if something was forcing itself between the forehead

and frontal part of the brain or as if the part behind the

frontal bone was hollow."

No.9: Mrs. U.M. On 10-12-1975: The headache becomes

worse in the mid-day; it presses down upon the eyes.

The brain is pulled down so that there is a hollowness

above, as if there is a vacuum between the skull and

brain. Actually more in the forehead."

No.15: Mrs.S.U. On 23-3-1975: A pressure in the brain

as when there is nothing there, like an air balloon, an

empty sensation."

Now follows two provings symptoms which appeared

together in a patient of mine: Hahnemann's No.1028.

"Tendency of left arm becoming numb at night during

sleep, because of which he woke up" and NO.1052:

"pain in the left elbow bend by stretching the arm, also

as if a tendon was too short."

No.37: Mrs. B.R.on 4.1.1980: "Sensation as if the

muscles in the elbow bend is too short. I cannot stretch

the arm well. Nights in bed it pains maddeningly, it

becomes them absolutely stiff, I have the feeling that

the arm is heavy and numb and dead; pains

tremendously."

Here also it was the right ear, which was ailing while the

prover experienced the pains in the left. So was it with

the ear symptoms. The sensation of contraction is

present in other places both in proving and also in my

patient, in the calf, in the back, in the nape of neck and

in the chest muscles. Another symptoms, which appears

common by the two modalities and the exact

agreement with the proving symptoms, but rightly

indicative is, as follows:

No.3: Mis S.C.on 5-12-1974: "always in the evening, in

lying, stitches in the upper right half abdomen."

Hahnemann's symptom No, 623 says: "stitches in the

right side of the abdomen in the evening" and No.631

"Dull, lancinating pain in the right side of the abdomen

when lying down." These symptoms are easy to find in

the Kent's Repertory, for the lancinating abdominal

pain while lying down, we find only Causticum.

The Causticum cough: It would take too much time to

describe the Causticum cough in its entire ramifications;

I therefore turn myself to the noteworthy symptom

No.435: "Mucous comes into the throat which she

cannot eject by hawking, but has to swallow down".

That has been given in H.C.Allen;s Keynotes, as: "Cough

with inability to expectorate, the sputum must be

swallowed."

No.5: "Mrs. R.K.on 5-4-1975: "If I drink water it loosens.

The mucous should possibly be drawn out by hand,

otherwise I have to swallow it."

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No.11: Mrs.L.E.on 30-12-1975: "By coughing every

undergarment becomes wet. Much mucous. It is

difficult to be removed, it does not come off. I am not

able to cough out the mucous. I must draw it in then I

must bring it up."

No.24: Miss L.C. on 2-2-1978: "More often it stays

tough, does not come exactly up, when I least attempt

to bring it up. When the mucous is further up, it stops. I

cannot bring it up so that I could spit it out."

The dryness: Further as generic to Causticum is the

amelioration by dampness. Causticum is, doubtless, a

dry medicine; general condition is ameliorated by rainy

weather. A sip of cold water relieves not only the

dryness of the mouth and throat but also generally. In

the proving is found epileptiform convulsions,

ameliorated every time by a sip of cold water. In the

first case of ear aches it was so.

No.38: Mrs. W.A. on 4-3-1980: "Often the throat pains

as though I had a dry mouth. I think that I must drink

something then. The dryness is more in the roof of the

mouth."

The sensitivity to cold: In the proving we find only

general sensitivity to cold which has been emphasized

by Hahnemann in the foreword. Mezger writes: Very

sensitive to cold, this affected him much. I have

observed in my cases that this sensitivity to cold is often

found particularly in head and in the nape and the

patient likes to put on a scarf or cap.

NO.2: Mr. H.A. on 28-10-1974: "Headache when I have

been exposed to cold air, or after cold rain, behind in

the neck, better by something warm around the neck."

Mrs. L.E.on 11-4-1975:"Headache from neck, my ears

also then ache, I must then put on a fur-cap."

No.26: Miss F.G. on 4-9-1978: "Suddenly hoarseness

and dry throat. If I have the collar open and the cold air

from outside blows, it is as if inflamed."

No.45: Mrs. S.A. on 4-3-1981: "I have ventured to go

without scarf, whether the ear thereby will not become

worse? Today it is cold, I am glad to have my woollen

scarf."

We cure often in a zig-zag way: Here one perceives the

similarity between Silicea and Calcium Carbonicum. It is

clear that the medicines so similar to each other often

follow each other well. I have already stated that

repeatedly I have given Causticum before or after

Calcarea carbonicum or Sulphur with successful results.

That was the second reason as to why I have cited the

story of Goullon's cure; I wanted to point out how often

the Causticum cases are similar to the Sulph. Cases. We

cannot distinguish always with certainty these

concordances or complimentary medicines. In a case in

which Causticum has worked well Sulphur or Calcarea

carb. might have in its place brought about a quicker

success. We cannot be certain that the inverse order of

remedies would have worked better. We can give the

medicines only one after the other and observe that

both the medicines do their work.

Also the medicines are always simillimum only at a

specific point of time; we only every time say that in this

patient now, today, the maximum similarity to his

ailments appeared to be with Causticum. It is that in

some months a different medicine may become

indicated.

To this theme is suited another passage from the

discussion on Kent's lecture "The second prescription"

in 1886.Wesselhoeft said" I recall that I spoke to Hering,

for the first time during practice, about a case of mental

illness which I had cured with Apis and I told him: 'This

cure may not have been possible without your Apis.'

Lippe was present and contradicted: 'Of course, it may

have been possible, in all likelihood through a zig-zag

cure with pulsatilla, Graphites and Sulphur and obtained

same result.'

And it cannot at all be anything else. We bear in mind,

that the early homoeopaths had to get on with such a

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small number of remedies, for the cure of their patients

and at the same time today only a very small fraction of

the medicines have been well and broadly proven and

so well known that we can well recognize the medicine

needed by this patient. No, it must be so that we should

be able to achieve success with a patient in different

and more ways: if only one medicine is efficacious in a

patient we could successfully treat only a very negligible

fraction of our patients.

---------------

[Condensed from the ALLGEMEINE HOMEOPATHISCHE

ZEITUNG, 1/1983-Jan/Feb.1983; translation and

condensation by Dr. K.S.Srinivasan,

Madras from the original German: for private

communication only]

---------------

CASE REPORT: Erysipelas: by Dr.E.Mathieson, Hamburg.

Mr.W.C., 34yrs., came on Friday afternoon to the clinic.

Has high fever and from yesterday has Erysipelas of

about three times the size of palm, on the right leg. As it

was bluish-red, he received, Lachesis 12x, 3x1 tablets.

He is a teacher and I wrote out a sick Certificate and

asked him to come to the clinic again on Monday. As it

was the first time that this patient had acquaintance

with homoeopathy I was anxious when he did not turn

up on Monday. On Tuesday he rang me up that he had

oppression of the chest. The leg was already well in a

day, so that he was back in school on Monday. He had,

however, taken the tablets further also since they had

helped him so well. He came to the clinic on Tuesday.

The Erysipelas has been healed completely and the

oppression was conditioned only by the taking of

Lachesis for a too long period. After stopping of the

Lachesis all the remaining complaints vanished.

[From the ALLGEMEINE HOMEOPATHISCHE ZEITUNG,

Vol.228, and No.1/1983- Jan/Feb.1983]

---------

WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE NOW OF HAHNEMANN'S

SYPHILLIS CONCEPT? By Dr. W.Klunker.

The theme raises two questions:

1. What was Hahnemann's concept of Syphilis?

2. What is the significance of this concept in

homoeopathy today?

1. Hahnemann’s concept of Syphilis: To Hahnemann and

Physicians of his days, Syphilis encountered in daily

practice was different from now. It is not therefore

surprising that Hahnemann's scientific interest was

directed in thoroughly practical manner, to this ailment.

This practical interest is clear from Hahnemann's

"Instruction for Surgeons respecting Venereal diseases,

together with a new Mercurial preparation", published

in 1789. This treatise of Hahnemann presents his new

soluble Mercury preparation (Hydra-gyrum oxydulatum

nigrum), which we employ now as Mercurius Solubilis

Hahnemanni, homoeopathically, and which

Hahnemann, employed with great success in treatment

of Syphilis before discovery of Homoeo-pathy. This

essay of 292 pages gives in addition a detailed picture of

Hahnemann's clinical knowledge about the disease and

a reflection of the medical knowledge of those times

which considered gonorrhea and syphilis as

nosologically united. In his essay Hahnemann gives

accurate descriptions of blenorrhagic syphilitic local

symptoms as also the secondary and tertiary stages

with the appropriate therapeutic instructions.

In the year 1816 Hahnemann published an essay with

the title "On the venereal disease and its ordinary

improper treatment". In it Hahnemann controverter the

entire dominant medicine, the "venereal disease which

from its beginning onwards has been bungled and the

local expulsion of the chancre is seen as the main

business of the cure of the venereal disease, the

requirement of mercury internally being of minor

importance". It is essential to highlight the underlying

concepts of syphilis of Hahnemann. These are:

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1. Hahnemann places Syphilis in analogy with the

acute miasmatic eruptive disease, from which the

chronic is left out.

2. After infection, through contact, the eruption, that

is, the chancre "does not come to the force until the

whole organism is infected completely".

3. The chancre indicates the completion of the

infection and development of the miasmatic disease

and hence the subsequent eradication of the

chancre is futile.

4. In as much as the chancre emerges only "to silence

the internal venereal disease and as its substitute,

its eradication is not only therapeutically futile but

at the same time dangerous also, since with the

eradication of the vicarious local symptoms the

syphilis does not any more break out fully.

5. In the year 1816, the Blennorrhagia and its

connected symptoms were not anymore connected

with Syphilis.

6. Hahnemann indicated the contagion in Syphilis as

"poison" or "miasma".

7. The miasma is caught and transmitted to the whole

organism only by contact and from the moment of

inoculation.

8. The syphilis, "as venereal disease, remains always

the same with respect both to their origin and

nature". In the words of the Organon it is also a

firmly fixed venereal disease.

So much about Hahnemann's conception of syphilis in

1816.

Later Hahnemann recalls that the question of

homoeopathic cure of non-venereal varieties of

"chronic diseases" occupied him for 12 long years from

1816. The results of these is his work "The Chronic

Diseases, their peculiar nature and their homoeopathic

Cure" which appeared in 1828. The second Edition

appeared in 1835. Accordingly curable are:

1. The acute diseases, contagious and fever;

2. The chronic venereal diseases.

Incurable remain the non-venereal diseases. How one

cured these homoeopathically? According to this

Syphilis is not part of actually difficult "chronic

diseases". Nevertheless Hahnemann recapitulates in

besides the figwarts, syphilis also. He does this not only

to be systematic but also because syphilis was for him,

as paradigm, miasmatic chronic disease, in agreement

with his experiences with non-venereal chronic

diseases. The non-venereal chronic diseases likewise

were figured out as miasmatic disease Psora. In the last

sixth Edition of Organon of Art of Healing (1842) syphilis

is spoken of in ten paragraphs (para 29 foot-note, 40,

41, 79, 197, 201, 294, 206, 207 foot-note and 282

footnote). From above references emerges the fact that

between the periods 1842(vi-Edition), 1835 (chronic

Diseases) and 'on the venereal diseases . . . (1816),

basically nothing has been changed.

2. What is the significance of Hahnemann's conception

of Syphilis for Homoeopathy now?

The syphilis concept of Hahnemann, as shown already,

is not different from exact syphilis. As disease concept it

is purely medical concept including the aetiology,

manifestation, progress and therapy. As a medical

concept it fits in the course of medical history.

Hahnemann's not-closer-definable 'Miasma', was

identified as 'spirochaetae pallia' by Hoffman and

Schudinn in 1905. Thus the interpretation of

Hahnemann as a physician, of transmission of an Agent

by contact only which spreads from its commencement

was corroborated. The indefinable miasm can also be

said, historically, as the 'preliminary' to the concept of

syphilis in homoeopathy today. The role of the primary

affection requires to be corrected. On the other side

Hahnemann's appeal against the therapeutic removal of

the chancre is fully justified there. Cure of Syphilis in

Hahnemann's method is total eradication of local

symptoms along with the internal miasmatic (also the

spirochete infection) with homoeopathic specific

remedies Merc. sol. or Vivus C30 as the case may be.

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Today the Penicillin treatment does the same. But are

they same?

In any case it is certain that the different

current interpretations about a homoeopathic cure of

the so-called syphilis miasm cannot be identified with

Hahnemann's concept of cure of syphilis, whether and

how far these theoretic and practical interpretations

bases genuine phenomenon or whether based upon

speculation which cannot be proved, Homoeopathy

must now make it subject of critical exercises, where

the current miasm theory and such must become

questions to be considered.

---------

[Condensed from the ALLGEMEINE HOMEOPATHISCHE

ZEITUNG, Vol.228, No.1, Jan. Feb.1983; translated by

Dr. K.S.Srinivasn, Madras]

QUARTERLY HOMOEOPATHIC DIGEST

VOL.I No.2 September 1984

CONTENTS

1. HOMOEOPATHY: A clinical Science by Jesse A Stoff,

M.D.

2. MEDICINE: A discipline between Art and Science

by Dr. Herbert Pietschmann

3. ACUTE MEDICINE

4. COMMUNICATIONS from the JAIH

5. INCONTINENCE OF BOWELS by Dr. H.Lennemann

6. A CASE OF CROHN'S DISEASE by Dr. Hans Leers

7. SKIN SYMPTOMS OF NUX VOMICA by Dr.G.V Keller

8. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

9. AGNUS CASTUS: by Dr. Gerd-witte

10. TUMOUR VIROLOGY by Dr. Lionel Crawford

(A compilation of some of the more important articles

from the British American and German Homoeopathic

Journals-condensed. Also articles of general medical

and scientific interest with particular reference to

Homoeopathy)

(Translation, condensation and compilation by

Dr.K.S.Srinivasn, Madras, for private communication

only)

QUARTERLY HOMOEOPATHIC DIGEST

Vol I No2 Sep 1984

Dear Doctor

Judging from the letters received so for the 'Digest' has

been well received. It is evident that many felt the need

for this kind of a Literature in Homoeopathy. I am glad

that I have been able to fill in this gap to some extent.

To meet many requests for the ''Digest' I am reprinting

this issue in a more elegant and handy format. As

clearly stated in the first issue, this is not a commercial

venture. Subscription rates will be in accordance with

the actual cost of the production. The more important

point is that genuinely interested persons who will

study the material closely, discuss it and use it should

join as subscribers. You can inform me of the name and

address of those who may be interested so. I also

request for 'feed-back'. That way we can make real

contribution to the Materia Medica, Repertory and

through to Therapeutics.

In this issue are included:

Two articles from the British Homoeopathic

Journal on the principles/philosophy of Homoeopathy.

Case Reports from the Journal of the American Institute

of Homoeopathy, illustrative of the excellent work 'lay-

practitioners' in Obstetrics. Also comments on the case

of 'Warm natured Arsenicum' given in the last Issue.

From the German Sources: Two Case Reports of

Incontinence of Bowels treated with Aloe. A case of

Crohn's disease in which Aloe failed and Veratrum

succeeded. Case Report of skin disease cured by Nux

Vomica - a really instructive one. Case Report of cure of

Multiple Sclerosis - one of the most difficult diseases -

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and uses of Nosodes. A case of Prostati tis cured with

Agnus castus.

Kent Reportory in German is generally in three volumes

and in the original articles according to the pages in the

respective volumes have been whereas I have, in the

translation, given the page numbers according the

editions available here, to make reference easy. The

condensation has been minimal.

Lastly an article on Turnover Virology from the Journal

NATURE. In the light of the fact that the Wart viruses/

papilloma viruses are probable tumour promoters our

'anti-sycotics' have to be studied in great depth.

Hahnemann's concept of Chronic Diseases is of

PRACTICAL use and is not a mere theory.

With Treatment Greetings,

Yours sincerely

Dr K.S.SRINIVASN

PLOT NO 1253, 66th Street

Korattur

SEPTEMBER 1984

MADRAS 600 080.

HOMOEOPATHY - A CLINICAL SCIENCE

Jesse A Stoff M.D.

In these misguided days of testing a specific

homoeopathic remedy against a specific allopathic drug,

it is important to take a step back and look at the

question in its entirety. To gain an insight into

homoeopathy it is necessary to begin with a holistic

image of the being of man and that we suspend our

dogma of western biological science.

The reductionistic approach taken by western medicine

leads to a superficial description of the chemo-

mechanical workings of cells, organs and body,

Operations under purely chemo-mechanical assumptions

has proven self-limiting because its own standard of

research methods show that living physiological systems

are not in chemical equilibrium but are maintained,

while alive, in a steady state non-equilibrium

metabolism. Western science fails to describe the

mechanism whereby these living systems are

maintained.

The biological organism is the comprehensive entity

whose purpose (essence) exerts an influence on the

operation of all or its various organs. The whole is

indeed greater than the sum of its parts.

The biotic sciences must, in other words, assess the state

of the organism against a concept of the healthful

operation of all of its functions, the body's operational

principles. From the holistic perspective the major

operational principle of lie may be characterized as that

creative energy which orders the entropic patterns of

matters in accordance with its own rhythmic processes.

Every organ serves some function in the maintenance of

the healthy operation of all activities in the organism.

Every cell and every molecule has been permeated with

the unified aims of the whole biological being. Working

with man in a holistic way, we endeavor to understand

the unfolding, circulation and balance of this creative

energy within the microcosm that is each of us. An

imbalance in the creative functional level (Hahnemann's

'vital force') of man causes a skewing of the noral inter

relationships and results in a state of disease. Illness

once recognized and accounted for correctly, leads on to

appropriate therapeutic measures.

Holistic physicians have realized that symptoms

are merely the body's best attempt at demonstrating and

correcting a supersensible imbalance. Unless the

imbalance is worked with on the plane from which it

originates, and not just suppressed on the physical level

with drugs (drugs may be life saying but are rarely

curative), a deeper, more severe illness will result.

The homoeopathic remedy thus being a rarefied

therapeuticum, correctly applied, relates to the creative

functional level of man and therefore has the potential to

root out the cause and right the imbalance. This then

raises the question of how to correctly apply the

medicament. Hahnemann proclaimed "Similia similibus

curentur". Through his comprehensive philosophy of

Steiner we can now begin to explain more accurately

how potentized medicines act on the metaphysical

energy system of man.

As homoeopathy is a clinical science, each

problem that a patient presents with must be looked at in

the context of the individual affected. Homoeopathy is

more than any remedy, it is an approach. Any well

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designed research project must test within the sphere of

that which is being tested. In the context of

Homoeopathy, that means following patients over a

period of time while they are appropriately treated and

managed by the homoeopathic physician. The length of

time necessary for follow-up would depend upon the

type of illness and the remedies involved, as some are

said to take longer than others to begin to work. Who

can say that a patient's good responses to a second

remedy given was not because of the first remedy,

although possibly showing 'little' physical evidence of a

response, actually prepared the patient for the

improvement (one must obviously take into account the

length of time a remedy is said to work for, once it is no

longer given). Such problems as 'proper clinical trials'

are not new to homoeopathy; those who do not study

the past are doomed to repeat its failure.

It is a highly questionable scientific practice to

dismiss a body of significant empirical evidence (such as

homoeopathy) simply because the underlying

philosophy, which rationally interprets such results,

assumes premises foreign to those currently accepted.

[Condensed from the BRITISH HOMOEOPATHIC

JOURNAL, Vol. 72, No 3 July 1983; for private

communication only]

MEDICINE - A DISCIPLINE BETWEEN ART AND

SCIENCE - Dr Herbert Pietschmann, Professor of

Physics at Vienna University

INTRODUTION: Today, there is again, considerable

discussion as to how far medicine should make use of

scientific methods and as to what should be regarded as

"scientific" method. We are all agreed that medicine is

one of the fields where specifically human aspects also

have to be taken into account. We need to consider in

detail how the concept of "science" has arisen, how it

has evolved, and the advantages and disadvantages it has

brought with regard to our way of thinking, actions and

culture.

SCIENCE: Man finds himself facing two classes of

questions: "Questions as to meaning of life, of existence"

and "Questions as to the locus of existence"-- Nature and

Spirit. "Locus of existence" relate to the natural world

around us and also locus of our own self i.e. human

body. "Meaning of existence" call for individual, highly

personal answers.

Science is the attempt to describe nature, in a generally

valid way, so that the description has the same

validity for every individual. It is an attempt doomed to

failure from the fact that every civilization has

developed its own "images of the world", its own

specific description of nature.

The reason for this failure is that spirit and matter, of

meaning and locus of existence cannot be separated. The

individual does not exist within nature merely as an

animal, but, having conscious awareness, also as a

unique, irreplaceable subject, different from all others.

Every human being thus has his own image of the world.

A definition of nature of universal validity is therefore

an absolute impossibility.

Science as we know it in the western world

from the time of Galileo is a radically new approach

in which the two opposites, "individual" and "general",

are combined in synthesis. Galileo established a new

criterion for truth: Truth was only what (in principle)

everyone could test for himself and see to be true. The

means used for this was the experiment. The completely

new element brought in by Galileo had to do not so

much with method as such, but rather with truth and

authority. Galileo's method is useful ONLY for

establishing a general concept of nature. Laws of nature

can never give an answer to questions as to the

meaning of existence.

Galileo's approach was so radical that at first it

was impossible to bring it to realization. Very soon

natural science, initiated to get rid of false authority,

itself became such an authority, presuming to decide on

the basis of theoretical considerations what could be

accepted as fact in nature.

To sum up, let me stress once more that science

is always wrongly used if it is not based on experiment,

but decisions as to the factuality of phenomena are

attempted on the basis of theoretical considerations.

Anything that gives repeatable results open to

examination that do not depend on the individual

experimenter with extraneous factors eliminated to

give a sufficiently clear picture counts as scientific data,

irrespective of whether there is a theory to account for

it. Fitting the data into a construct of theories is

presumption and not a criterion in the sciences.

ART: Artistic activity will always be the activity of a

particular individual. Science tries to analyze the

relationship of man to the things round him, whereas

art always aims for the direct relationship from person

to person. Scientific methods and scientific finds can be

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studied and learned, whilst artistic skills have to be

acquired by practice.

To sum up this point, let me repeat that for the present

purpose I should like to consider art as an activity

concerned with individual, personal qualities that

focuses on the individual in the uniqueness.

MEDICINE: In his book entitled Vom Sinne des

Erkrankens (On the meaning of falling ill) Friedrich

Weinreb has written: "Science can explain man, analyze,

measure and treat him, yet at the same time man

withdraws from science into a causal sphere where

nothing can be measured and determined, where he

cannot be treated, but perhaps be loved and given

trust, where aspiration and devotion are all that counts.

Man is both these things, not just the one or the other."

---

These words make it very clear that medicine cannot do

without either of those two domains and that a

physician who wishes to take his patient seriously as a

human being has to achieve a synthesis in his actions of

what at first sight seem incompatible claims.

The greater the number of different methods of

healing that compete with one another, the sooner will

it be possible for medicine as a science to create a space

for freedom, for and within itself, and the greater will

also be the freedom the patient has in choosing the

physician or the method of treatment he wants.

Why is it then so difficult to apply such a

concept in practice? This is due to certain

defensiveness, an attitude that is all too human. I think

this helps us to understand why established medicine

has built walls around itself to k